Colony is a city in Ozark Township, Anderson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 381. Co…Colony is a city in Ozark Township, Anderson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 381. Colony got its start in the year 1872 following construction of the railroad through that territory. It was named for a colony from Ohio and Indiana, which settled in the neighborhood.